The Role of Gender Inequalities in Explaining Income Growth, Poverty and Inequality: Evidence from Latin American Countries

This Working Paper investigates the possible link between gender inequalities in the labour market and significant economic outcomes such as income growth, poverty and inequality indicators. Our analysis is based on microsimulations for eight Latin American countries. We consider four aspects of gender inequalities: differences in labour market participation, differences in occupational status, wage discrimination and differences in characteristics. Our findings highlight the relevance of gender equality, especially an increase in women?s access to the labour market, in bringing about a reduction in poverty and inequality.The Role of Gender Inequalities in Explaining Income Growth, Poverty and Inequality: Evidence from Latin American Countries

Design and performance evaluation of turbo FDE receivers

Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de ComputadoresIn recent years, block transmission techniques were proposed and developed for broadband wireless communication systems, which have to deal with strongly frequency-selective fading channels. Techniques like Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM)and Single Carrier with Frequency Domain Equalization (SC-FDE) are able to provide high bit rates despite the channel adversities. In this thesis we concentrate on the study of single carrier block transmission techniques considering receiver structures suitable to scenarios with strongly time-dispersive channels. CP-assisted (Cycle Pre x) block transmission techniques are employed to cope with frequency selective channels, allowing cost-e ective implementations through FFT-based (Fast Fourier Transform) signal processing. It is investigated the impact of the number of multipath components as well as the diversity order on the asymptotic performance of SC-FDE schemes. We also propose a receiver structure able to perform a joint detection and channel estimation method, in which it is possible to combine the channel estimates, based on training sequences, with decision-directed channel estimates. A study about the impact of the correlation factor estimation in the performance of Iterative Block-Decision Feedback Equalizer (IB-DFE) receivers is also presented

Information asset analysis: credit scoring and credit suggestion

Risk assessment is important for financial institutions, especially in loan applications. Some have already implemented their own credit-scoring mechanisms to evaluate their clients' risk and make decisions based on this indicator. In fact, the data gathered by financial institutions is a valuable source of information to create information assets, from which credit-scoring mechanisms can be developed. The purpose of this paper is to create, from information assets, a decision mechanism that is able to evaluate a client's risk. Furthermore, a suggestive algorithm is presented to better explain and give insights on how the decision mechanism values attributes

Expansibilidade em cálculos de substituições explícitas

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Ciência da Computação, 2012.Os cálculos de Substituições Explícitas (CSEs) são variações do cálculo λ que especificam de maneira concreta a operação de substituição, definida de maneira implícita no cálculo λ. Estes cálculos estendem a linguagem do cálculo λ de maneira a atomizar os passos envolvidos numa aplicação concreta da operação de substituição. Este trabalho abordará a propriedade de expansibilidade em alguns CSEs que podemos dizer que seja uma investigação do passado de um termo. Esta propriedade é interessante quando este passado nos revela um termo puro, ou seja, um termo pertencente à linguagem do cálculo λ Para isso fez-se necessário estudar várias outras propriedades, como a simulação da regra β do cálculo λ, a correção da regra (B) no λ? -cálculo e, a propriedade de Projeção do λ?-cálculo e do λσ-cálculo. O objetivo é estudar o problema de expansão no lambda sigma-cálculo, e para isso observamos os resultados de Ariel Arbiser no lambda upsilon-cálculo, em que o Teorema de Scott foi uma ferramenta crucial. _______________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTCalculi of Explicit Substitutions (CSEs) are variants of the λ calculus which specify concretely the substitution operation, defined implicitly in the λ calculus. These calculi extend the language of λ calculus in order to atomize the steps involved in the practical application of replacement operation. This work will discuss the expansion property in some CSEs, that it is an investigation of the past of a term. This property is interesting when it discloses a past term pure, i.e. a term belonging to the language of λ calculus. For this it was necessary to study several other properties, such as the simulation of rule β of λ calculus, the correction of the rule (B) in λ?-calculus and the property projection of λ?-calculus and the λσ-calculus. The goal is to study the expansion problem in the λσ-calculus and verify the aplication of the results of Ariel Arbiser in the λ?-calculi, in which the Scott Theorem was a crucial tool

Multi-agent system for credit scoring

The use of multi-agent systems to solve complex problems in today’s world is not a new approach. Nevertheless, there has been a growing interest in using its properties in conjunction with machine learning and data mining techniques in order to build smarter systems. A multi-agent system able to classify and recommend attribute values in an instance of a dataset is presented and intended to provide to the end user a better understanding of both the classification in the dataset and client possibilities to obtain a good classification. The multi-agent system presented will have the ability to classify a user credit application and suggest different values for its attributes under assessment